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This paper investigates variation in birth control knowledge and practices in Iraq as reported in the 1974 National Fertility Sample Survey. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis indicated the existence of significant rural-urban differentials in knowledge and use of contraceptive methods by ever-married women. With the continuation of the war with Iran, the Iraqi government has adopted a pro-natal policy to spur population growth. Whether such a policy achieves its goals is a matter deserving further investigation.