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There is little doubt that the main objective of economic planning is the efficient allocation of economic resources, which are often quantitatively and or qualitatively limited. A part from its oil resources. Iraq is favored with other resources such as fertile land, water, and mineral deposits. Oil is the most important sector in the economy. In contrast to the rising share of the oil sector in the Iraqi economy, that of agriculture has declined sharply since the early 1950’s.Cultivable land in Iraq is estimated at 12 million hectares or a little more than one-fourth of the total area of the country. However, due to the widespread practice of the fallow system. Only about a fourth of the cultivable land is actually cropped in any given year. This and other problems, such as soil salinity, waterlogging, shortage of trained personnel, poor maintenance, lack of incentives, etc., have led to the decline in agricultural productivity.