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The concept of international equilibrium is one of the most widely used and least defined concepts in the social sciences. This paper purports to define this concept, delineate its basic components, and to show its analytic and predictive utility. International equilibrium is seen as having three basic dimensions: those of structure, behavior and value. The structural dimension contains five components, which are concerned with the equilibrium of capabilities, structure, arms race, and external involvement’s. The behavioral dimension refers to the interdependence and elasticity of interactions among the basic actors, whereas the value dimension means inter-actor consensus on the adequacy of their interactions. The paper applies these dimensions to the Eastern Mediterranean area, and concludes that the concludes that the concept of  international equilibrium has some value in understanding international interactions. It was found that the Eastern Mediterranean are characterized by a high degree of disequilibrium in favor of the western powers and Israel, and that this has certain serious consequences for the behavior of the actors and the stability of the area.